An asset is any data, device or another component of an organization’s systems that is valuable often because it contains sensitive data or can be used to access such information. For example, an employee’s desktop computer, laptop or company phone would be considered an asset, as would applications on those devices. Likewise, critical infrastructure, such as servers and support systems, are assets. An organization’s most common assets are information assets. These are things such as databases and physical files i.e. the sensitive data that you store. A related concept is the ‘information asset container’, which is where that information is kept. In the case of databases, this would be the application that was used to create the database. For physical files, it would be the filing cabinet where the information resides. A threat is any incident that could negatively affect an asset – for example, if it’s lost, knocked offline or accessed by an unauthorized party. Threats can be categorized as circumstances that compromise the confidentiality, integrity or availability of an asset, and can either be intentional or accidental. Intentional threats include things such as criminal hacking or a malicious insider stealing information, whereas accidental threats generally involve employee error, a technical malfunction or an event that causes physical damage, such as a fire or natural disaster.
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